Streptomyces griseus

Cbass's notes

Page history last edited by Sebastian 1 yr ago

Streptomycin

-water-soluble aminoglycoside purified from the fermentation of the actinomycete Streptomyces Griseus

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Streptomyces Griseus

-Growth Temperature: 26 C

-gram stain: positive

-Respiration: Aerobic

-Motility: No

-Appropriate Growth media: YMG agar, YMG broth

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-around 7 pH (neutral)

Extra Source on YMG Agar?? Lab Rat

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Strept

Streptomyces

a. Classification

i. Higher order taxa

1. Bacteria, Actinobacteria, Actinobacteridae, Actinomycetales, Streptomycineae, Streptemycetaceae

ii. Different species

1. Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces lividans, Streptomyces albicans, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces plicatoporus

b. Description and Significance

i. Most widely studied/well known genus of the actinomycete family

ii. Usually inhabit soil and are decomposers

iii. Produce over half of the worlds antibiotics, vital in the medical field

c. Genome Structure

i. Linear chromosome

ii. About 8,000 genes, which is about twice as many as typical free-living bacteria

iii. The linear chromosome replicates form a central origin.

d. Cell Structure/Metabolism

i. Resemble fungi in their structure

ii. Able to metabolize a variety of compounds including sugars, alcohols, and amino acids by producing enzymes

iii. They are able to metabolize all of these different compounds because of their huge genome, which contains 100s of transcription factors, or proteins that bind to specific parts of DNA, which allow them to react to very specific needs

e. Life Cycle

i. Resemble fungi in life cycle as well

ii. During growth stage, DNA replication happens without cellular division, creating a filamentous structure called a MYCELIUM

iii. Reproduce/disperse through the formation of spores, called conidin, which follow the period of growth.

iv. These spores, conidin, are made in filaments called SPOROPHORES

v. The life cycle of Streptomycin greatly resemble that of the multicellular eukaryotes

f. Habitat

i. Found across the globe

ii. Responsible, through the secretion of special chemicals called geosmens, for the earth smell of soil

iii. Play important in the breaking down decaying organic matter, as seen in compost piles

g. Ants!!!

i. Streptomyces griseus is also involved in a symbiotic relationship with an ant species from the genus Attini. These ants cultivate fungus in a “fungal garden.” They resemble human farmers because they weed and nuture there garden just like we do. The bacterium exists on the ant’s cuticles, and helps in weeding the fungal gardens. Streptomyces griseus produces special toxins that help keep the main wee, Escoropsisl, a fungus, at bay.

h. Pathology????????????/

i. Because the mainly reside in soil, streptomycetes are mainly phytopathogens

ii. Attack root vegetables like potatoes, beets, turnips, carrots, and radishes.

i. Medicinal Uses

i. Over 50 antibiotics have been isolated from Streptomyces griseus and its sister bacteria

ii. They provide the majority of the world’s antibiotics

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Streptomyces

-largest geunus of Actinobacteria

-noted for earthy odor resulting from a production of a vocatile metabolite, geosmin

-characterized by a secondary metabolism

-recently researching have been using S. griseus instead of E. coli to recombine human proteins.......incorrect folding by e. coli

-Produces antibacterials and antifungals, and other bioactive compounds like immunosuppresents, which prevent immune system activity

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ANTIBIOTICS

Vancomycin

-glycopeptide antibiotic

-treats infections caused by gram-positive bacteria

-first discovered from a soil sample in Borneo

-life threatening infections

-dangerous effects

-can cause Red-man syndrome/ red-neck syndrome which happens if taken too fast

Chloramphenicol

-antimicrobial

-derived from Streptomyces venezuelae

-1st antibiotic to be manufactured on large scale